Advocating Elderly Americans Essay -- Advocates Senior Citizens

The older in America have numerous necessities that can run from transportation, somewhat more cash, and even only a little friendship yet one of their significant needs is support. They need somebody to fight with them for what the need. The older of today accomplished such a great deal for this nation such things as battle both universal wars and the Korean Conflict, they battled for balance, and the heightened this nation to the significance we have today.      So what is a promoter? Supporter is an individual or gathering that speaks to a typical intrigue and makes a huge effort to see that their motivation isn't dismissed. So for what reason does our older need advocates? Our older need advocates for different reasons. They need somebody to battle with congress over human services cost and issues, they need somebody to guard them against disregard and misuse, and above all else they need somebody to make them mindful of the administrations and projects accessible to make their lives simpler. Promoters are essential to our older just as they ought to be nobody needs to be separated from everyone else, we as a whole need somebody to battle close to us. So who does fight for our old?      In all pieces of the United States there are Offices for the Aging to help our old with getting the administrations they merit. The Office for the Aging was made to advance self-assurance, self-advancement and independence among the old. They likewise needed to make seniors mindful of the administrations accessible to them and their families. Throughout the years that Offices for the Aging has existed they have made systems of associations in numerous perspectives with in every one of their networks. Through their wide scope of associations they can help any one with any issues. The vast majority feel just as the Office for the Aging is simply a referral organization. There could be nothing further from reality, Office for the Aging offers a wide assortment of administrations yet on the off chance that they don't offer an assistance that you need they can and will allude you to an organization that can. One of the administrations that the Office for the Aging offers is Social Security advising. This is a major assistance in light of the changing laws and the multifaceted nature of the laws it is intense for some old to see appropriately acquire the entirety of the cash they are qualified for. Office for the Aging can likewise go to your Social Security hearing for you on the off chance that you wish that they do as such. The Office for ... ...as cited as saying, â€Å"It’s essentially difficult to reclaim the House or win the administration without reclaiming the seniors. That makes them the key battleground†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the forthcoming decade there will be more than 76 million people born after WW2 that will be more than 65 that mean they will have more force then some other democratic partner in America. This implies the consideration that the senior vote is getting will get more grounded and more grounded. More seasoned individuals are bound to cast a ballot that are more youthful individuals this implies seniors can be their own supporter. Seniors can be their own supporters by casting a ballot people into office that will cast a ballot their way on significant issues. Casting a ballot is an incredible instrument for all individuals however is frequently neglected.      Advocacy is a significant with the end goal for voices to be heard. Seniors residents have different requirements and as individual people it is our commitment to secure them. They made ready for our country’s success who are we to put them out field. Works Cited www.aarp.org www.americangeriatrics.org www.carie.org www.commoncause.org www.ncscinc.org www.senior.org The gerontologist. â€Å"Older People and Voting Participation: Past and Future† by Robert Binstock. February 2000.

The problem of the huge gap between the rich and poor in China and the Essay

The issue of the gigantic hole between the rich and poor in China and the arrangements - Essay Example As opposed to them the least fortunate 10 percent of China’s population’s salary expanded by close to 12-overlap. This supported pattern running over a time of practically 2.5 decades has removed the rich and the poor so much that they nearly end up at inverse posts today. The Gini coefficient recommends that the yawning hole between the two populaces in China has become so wide that it is currently upsetting the constraints of social strength. The hukou framework in China The developing imbalance between the rich and the poor in China is indispensably connected with the hukou arrangement of the grants of residency as per which the inner relocation of the poor is limited to the towns. Financial hole between the rich and the poor in China has expanded with the developing shortage of the country work. The hukou framework has restricted the poor to the entrance of open administrations just where they are enlisted which are for the most part the very places where they are c onceived. â€Å"[M]aking individuals’ hukou status remarkable and open essentially lessens the presentation of provincial vagrant understudies on a boosted subjective assignment by 10 percent, which prompts a huge leftward move of their income distribution† (Afridi, Li, and Ren). The guidelines applying cutoff points to relocation in China that limit the poor in the wide open are obtrusively out of line. The idea of Guanxi The development of business by and large and the little and medium estimated ventures (SME) in China has as of late caught the eye of the entire world. One factor that has assumed a prime job in the development of business and the weighty fortifying of economy in China is the idea of Guanxi, that urges individuals to manufacture social associations and systems and look for profits by them. â€Å"The idea of Guanxi or a system of associations is a notable and focal part of life in China, both in business and public activity. It's the same as the 'old young men organize' in the UK† (Walker). This framework has not just expanded the monetary gap between the rich and the poor in China, yet has additionally helped the development of debasement and shamefulness in the frameworks. Chinese government officials today perceive and value the Old Etonian bonds among the City Hall and the Downing Street. China’s up and coming pioneers are connected through families. Business analyst Mao Yushi has portrayed the issue in these words, â€Å"The riches in China isn't just dispensed by the market, yet additionally by influence. The individuals with influence have cash. The marriage among influence and cash permits individuals to bring in cash by utilizing unlawful techniques. It increments further the salary hole between the rich and the poor past the market itself† (Yushi refered to in Taylor). The framework is uncalled for and the poor don't have any potential for success even over the long haul. Arrangements Decreasing di ssimilarity of pay between the rich and the poor Since it is one of the most significant contributing components in the enlarging financial hole between individuals of

Sample on Case Study Assignment

Sample on Case Study Assignment Case Study Assignment Mar 26, 2018 in Case Studies Introduction It has been necessary that the ratios of students to teachers be examined in order to find out whether more teachers should be employed to assist students or enroll more students to utilize the services provided by teacher. It has been found possible to find this relationship by the use of descriptive statistics to estimate whether more teachers should be employed or more students should be enrolled. The main method that has been identified is the use of statistical techniques such as the use of descriptive statistics: mean, median, standard deviation and variance as well as the use of analytical techniques such as correlation analysis. Correlation analysis has been done by determination of correlation coefficient. Some of the schools in San Diego include Dana Middle School, Point Loma High School, San Diego Unified School and Herbert Hoover High School. This study involves the analysis of these schools in San Diego from the year 2000 until the year 2004.

Heroin Is An Illegal Substance Derived From Morphine

Heroin is an illegal substance derived from morphine. At one time it was legal, and was created originally as a safer alternative to morphine. The opposite was found to be true, and heroin is now illegal. Heroin is highly addictive and has strong euphoric effects. There are many short and long term effects when used or abused. Short term effects of heroin use include slowed cardiac system functions and breathing, intense itching, dry mouth, drowsiness and convulsions- especially in a case of an overdose. Long term effects include both mental and physical impairments, the mental issues include emotional instability and diminished libido. Other physical effects include impaired vision, collapsed veins, liver and kidney disease. Heroin users also often share needles with each other which lead to increased chances of infections like Hepatitis B and HIV. Heroin related deaths are on the rise across the country, and we have seen a significant increase of heroin related deaths in Ohio. The original goal of my literature review was to analyze heroin use in the areas mentioned in Sam Quinones book Dreamland, specifically Portsmouth Ohio. However, extensive information was not available about this specific area. So instead I focused my research on heroin use in Ohio as a whole and other suburban and rural areas. It is vital to analyze and combat the abuse of heroin. Various forms of literature have been written investigating heroin, their abuse and effects of misusing them.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Heroin On A Person s Brain1583 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive drug. It is both the most abused and the most rapidly acting of the opiates. 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Psychoactive substances apply their effects by transforming biochemical or physiological processes in the brain. The message system of nerve cells, or neurons, relies on both electrical and chemical transmission. Neurons rarely touch each other; there is a microscopic gap between one neuron and the nextRead MoreDrugs And Abuse Of Drugs1564 Words   |  7 Pagesseverity of abuse. New research is done every day in the area of drug abuse that makes finding accurate results on the broad topic of drug abuse very difficult. From the most recent studies only can one find data that is presently accepted as correct. These numerous studies provide enough data to explain the effects of both legal and illegal drugs. To understand how drugs work, it is Important to understand the changes that take place in different areas of the body when drugs take effect. Found in

The Adventrue of Hucleberry Fin by Mark Twain - 684 Words

The classic novel Huckleberry Fin, by Mark Twain, has been debated of being appropriate or not due to the racist content within. Many disagree with Mark Twain’s use of derogatory terms and phrases such as the word â€Å"Nigger† in his book. â€Å"IT seems unlikely that anyone, of any color, who had actually read Huckleberry Fin†¦could accuse of it being racist† (Kaplan 20). Huckleberry Fin uses necessary racism in order to show the culture and attributes of the time period as well as to portray Twains message of promoting equality and that they are not morally better if they are one race over another. What is now seen as racism was simply the culture and attributes during the time setting of the novel (Toltzman 1). Huck Fin was written when cruel and unjust treatments of blacks were common and use of derogatory words didn’t get much attention. Huck Finn is during a time when blacks were not treated or thought as people but as objects without personali ties or emotions. For instance, Jim is initially only knows to whose property he is. He was considered Miss Watson property that was about to be sold, which resulted in him running away. The racist attitudes of the South are were most obvious in the character of Huck Finn himself, and how he relates to the runaway slave, Jim. He plays tricks on Jim and uses dialogue that makes him appear foolish or perhaps to make Jim painfully aware of his own belittlement. During their entire journey Huck and Jim become closer. â€Å"They achieved a state

Behaviour and perception Free Essays

Chapter 1 Background Study I have decided to make a research on the consumer behavior and perceptual experience on their purchasing form. A displacement has been observed amongst the young person today from shopping from sole branded shops and promenades to street markets and flea markets. Flea markets are markets where cheap goods are available. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviour and perception or any similar topic only for you Order Now It may be indoors, such as in a warehouse or a store or it may be out-of-doorss, such as in a compound or under a collapsible shelter. Harmonizing to an article Flea Markets in India ; people in India love to dress up for any juncture, even if it means traveling to the school to pick up their child. One can happen the hippest and the most traditional garbs being worn in the same age group. The current coevals is trade name witting yet values money. The solution to this lies in the flea markets. These popular flea markets in India sell the most fashionable and comfy apparels and casuals that are preferred by the people. Childs can easy be spotted in these flea markets, striking a good trade with the sales representatives. The merchandises found in these markets are as per the outlook of the young person in footings of monetary value, invention, assortment, comfort, styling, trade name image. The merchandises besides have the added benefit of belonging to international trade names, where some of them have the exclusivity of non being available in India. The 1s with the endowment of dickering accomplishments can acquir e a really good trade every bit low as 20-30 % lower than the quoted cost. Delhi flea markets are every bit popular as Goa or Mumbai or Kolkata, etc. flea markets. ( Beginning: Text retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bharatonline.com/travel-tips/flea-markets.html ) Flea Markets in Delhi Connaught Place, Janpath and Palika Bazaar Sarojini Nagar Greater Kailash Lajpat Nagar Vasant Vihar Nehru Topographic point Karol Bagh Exclusive stores for export excess in topographic points like Gurgaon shopping promenade, Patel Nagar, Greater Kailash These topographic points are full of branded garments and are offered at really low monetary values. Trade names like H A ; M, ZARA, Mother Care, Polo and many more are available in majority with the latest of manners and tendencies incorporated in them and are really popular amongst all age groups particularly the young person. Factors Influencing Band Switching There are many factors which influence the clients to exchange trade names like monetary value distinction, publicity schemes, in shop shows, friend ‘s recommendation or equal force per unit area, packaging, famous person indorsements, new manners, advertizements, etc. There are many more but in the instance of exchanging from a trade name to a flea market the major factors which influence are: Monetary value Peer force per unit area New styles/ Latest trend/ Change in Fashion The first two are easy to understand but the 3rd is the most of import factor. In a flea market particularly Sarojini Nagar or sole export excess shops all the exported ware is sold and hence that topographic point is the first topographic point where childs can happen fashionable garments before or about at the same clip they reach the shops at assorted parts of the universe. Chapter 2 This chapter examines the literature relevant to the two defined aims. There are three major subdivisions: The first includes an overview of the demographics of the Indian young person and its growing. It besides includes why the young person is an of import section to aim on when it comes to selling of goods. The 2nd negotiations about the current consumer behaviour and penchants which includes their life style, their likes and disfavors, etc. Besides the factors which result in switching from trade names are explained in brief. Last, the 3rd subdivision explains the consumer behaviour towards flea markets after which the consequence of the flea markets on different factors is explained. Indian Demographic Overview India ‘s part to the Earth ‘s human population is 17.5 % with 1.17 billion people in the state. Harmonizing to the NCAER study on National Readership Survey ( NYRS ) , India ‘s young person population grew at over 2 % to 459 million in 2009 from 390 million in 2001 nose count. Three out of every four young person is literate and every one in three literate young person in India is a pupil. The tabular array below justifies the growing of young person in India from 2001 to 2009 i.e. 2.05 % and the growing of literate young person as good which is 2.49 % . Harmonizing to the saloon graph below which shows the young person involvement in selected issue/topics all over India, 28.9 % literate young person is interested in manner. The young person today involves itself into a batch of leisure activities. The graph below shows the leisure activities preferred by the literate young person in India. Television remains as the most popular beginning of information with 78 % . Why Target Youth as Important Consumers? Many sellers consider immature grownups aged between 18 and 24 as a distinguishable consumer section that boasts considerable buying power. In the UK, such consumers spend around ?10 billion each twelvemonth while it has been projected that immature grownups will shoot more into the US economic system than babe boomers by 2010. The Young Adult Segment The importance of these consumers is besides widely acknowledged. Their impact on household purchase determinations is turning and they are recognized as tendency compositors that influence ingestion alteration within other market sections. Sellers besides remain cognizant that procuring the backing of immature grownups may be of import given their capacity for future disbursement. Like other consumers, the image, life style and buying behavior of immature grownups is shaped to some grade by assorted external factors. The challenge to research workers is to place which factors hold sway. Previous probes have indicated facets that include household values, peer influence and ego perceptual experience to act upon consumer behaviors aboard such as age, gender and life style. Some analysts believe, nevertheless, that sellers have deficient cognition about what motivates this market section. Some selling directors continue to avoid the immature grownup section on the premiss that such consumers are non trade name loyal. Evidence for this is, nevertheless, slightly inconclusive. On the one manus, research workers suggest that the purchase behavior of immature grownups is frequently determined by pecuniary restraints. An purpose to salvage money means that exchanging to inexpensive trade names becomes a natural response. Consumer Buying Behaviour and Preferences India has the youngest population in the universe. There are a batch of immature people in different locations and income groups who influence their parents disbursement and their ain disbursement every bit good. Indian market is altering quickly and an foreigner who visits India one time or twice a twelvemonth can easy do out the difference. Amongst assorted consumer behavior groups there is a immature emerging consumer behavior group which is immature and ungratified, who start gaining at an early age and proudly pass money which does non belong to their parents. This group consists of adolescents who love eating out, ticker films and travel on occasion for clubbing and all these activities have become an built-in portion of their life style. Their dressing is constantly modern and they believe in altering their garb often. If the latest manner and voguish apparels are non available in the shops at the right monetary value they switch to either Sarojini Nagar in Delhi or Fashion Street in Mumbai. The consumer defines value with quality. If a merchandise has good quality, sustainability, length of service, significance, etc. it is considered as valuable. Adolescents are more adventuresome than their seniors and they care less for tradition and faith. They adopt the latest manner tendencies that emerge with clip as they are the 1s who are more receptive towards alterations and want to obtain a new expression every clip. They believe in disbursement money at present and non salvage much for the hereafter. They can non be influenced with other people ‘s perceptual experience but they can easy be motivated at the same clip. They non merely take determinations for the merchandises they need and have to purchase but besides help their grownups in taking determinations. Harmonizing to a survey ; Rs.500 crore a twelvemonth is the sum of money given to kids as pocket money which justifies them being an of import section to be targeted on. ( Understanding the â€Å" in-between category † Urban Teenagers as Consumer, n.d ) The increasing competition makes distinguishing new merchandises and services offered by a company hard from the older 1s. The companies try to vie with their challengers by cut downing the monetary value of the merchandises as they feel that monetary value is the chief factor. Customer behavior has become intercrossed. On one manus they are monetary value sensitive and they search for deals and store from discounted mercantile establishments and on the other manus they enjoy branded and luxury goods. It ‘s non that they do n’t wish passing but they want to obtain value for their money spent. Customers today are really much aware about the latest manner and merchandises and besides their importance to a company and hence have high outlooks from companies and take a company which provides them with the best merchandises and services. Price, quality and functionality are non the lone factors to do a client loyal towards a company, but now it is the clients experience and interactions every bit good. Any sort of bad experience can damage the attitude of a client towards a company. Consumer purchasing behavior is a procedure of doing determinations to purchase and utilizing a merchandise. It is therefore of import to understand why and how they make a purchase determination with altering factors in our society. Different companies have assorted selling schemes to pull the clients. They take aid of different client relationship direction package to prolong their clients to do them loyal. When the clients make their purchasing determination they evaluate the benefits which can be perceived from a peculiar merchandise and compare them with the costs. They associate themselves with a merchandise emotionally and take it as a position symbol. With altering fortunes, the client ‘s demands and perceptual experience besides alterations. Positive consequence of client perceptual experience on trade names is that their trade name value increases with increasing clients and the value of the merchandise offered by them besides additions popularity. The negative consequence of client perceptual experience is that increasing popularity of luxury and premium merchandises can take to loss of exclusivity and therefore can be perceived as less valuable merchandises. Besides the quality and services may differ in some merchandise classs if consumed by a big figure of people. ( Recklies, 2006 ) Factors which influence Consumer Behaviour and Brand Switching Factors which influence consumer behavior are cultural, societal, psychological and personal ( age, demand, etc. ) . Personal factors means single wants and needs which makes the client comfortable and satisfied. Social factors consist of household influence, sentiments of friends or other groups, civilization, etc. Culture affects the purchasing behavior of a consumer as they belong to different households and civilizations that have their ain perceptual experiences and every person has its ain purchasing form with regard to their existing civilization. Psychological besides refers to motivations of purchasing for a peculiar event like birthday ‘s, or for a friend, etc. As per a research assortment seeking behavior is non ever a factor for trade name shift. Consumers need assortment in their lives but trade name shift is non straight caused because of the demand for assortment factor. This factor varies from merchandise to merchandise. Consumer Behaviour and Perception towards Flea Markets Flea markets are great retail market topographic points. Customers who visit these markets have a preset purchasing determination. Unlike people in promenades and people walking in the streets, flea market clients are more than merely browsers. They are serious clients who have a trip to the flea market to purchase merchandises but at the same clip it is of import to maintain on pulling them and do them purchase and non do them lose their involvement. ( Lowy, n. vitamin D ) In the US Flea markets are a multibillion-dollar concern. There are different booth sizes and rents vary depending on factors such as location, equipment ( tabular arraies included, etc. ) , and hours of operation, but by and large are in the scope of $ 3 to $ 10 per square pes per twenty-four hours. When the engagements are done for the sellers the organisers try booking for a broad assortment of merchandises that will be offered like sale ‘antiques, electronics, kitchenware, nutrient points, vesture, tools, playthings, art and featuring goods. Making so will guarantee wide entreaty to a big mark audience of flea market shoppers. ( Flea Market Organizer, n. vitamin D ) A research was conducted on Informal Retailing: An Analysis of Merchandises, Attitudes and Expectations. The writers concluded that flea markets are considered to be an gratifying topographic point to shop. Flea market is a portion of the belowground economic system which means which is immeasurable, tax-exempt or both. Flea markets are rather popular amongst the consumers and therefore increase gross revenues and do better than formal retail merchants. Consumers shop more with friends and household instead than shopping entirely. The flea market is considered a topographic point to socialise as it is a topographic point to ease the informal exchange of goods. Flea markets are favorable amongst consumers because it is fun to shop for merchandises for deals ; they have friendlier and personal services and a broad assortment of merchandises to take from. But flea markets have some disadvantages excessively like hapless quality, deficiency of warrants, policies like no return and exchan ge in some and its is non a to the full authorized market. Harmonizing to this research 93 % of the consumers bought apparels, playthings and jewelry and 20 % bought place contraptions. ( Sherman, McCrohan, Smith, 1985 ) Flea markets are everyplace these yearss and can be full clip or merely on weekdays. One can follow his/her avocation and gain a batch of money through flea markets even if particular techniques are non used to do the merchandise. Seasonal points are a hit in the flea markets like tapers and candle bases at the clip of Diwali or bars, Christmas gifts at the clip of Christmas. ( Wright, n. vitamin D ) Consequence of Flea Markets on conveying extra footsteps in the nearby market country In an interview, Mr. Rajiv Duggal, CEO, Select CITYWALK said that flea market is non a new construct and is the most preferable by Indian clients and tourers. Every major metropolis has its ain popular flea markets which attract a batch of people. The construct of the flea market introduced every Wednesday is to advance touristry and to show new sort of merchandises to the clients in an organized manner. He believes that consumers attracted to the promenade are fixed who buy branded merchandises and to prolong them and pull new clients it is of import to supply the clients with advanced merchandises. For this he tries to give them non commercial or non branded merchandises through this medium. Flea market is a selling scheme as it helps in pulling clients i.e. clients who come to the flea market are by and large observed in the promenade as good which helps in increasing footsteps to the promenades. It non merely attracts the adult females and shoppers from South Delhi but besides a big figure of them come from North and West Delhi and NCR parts. ( Shah, n.d ) After seeing footsteps increasing in the Select Citywalk promenade in Saket because of the flea markets, The Great India Place, Noida and Pacific Mall, Ghaziabad besides adopted the thought and started with the similar constructs which lead to fringy addition in footsteps. This flea market had a assortment of merchandises like books, nutrient, metal merchandises and apparels. The construct of flea market is ask foring big figure footsteps in Spice World, Noida excessively and in add-on they have a batch of activities and distribute film tickets as awards. ( Sinha, 2009 ) How to cite Behaviour and perception, Essay examples

I Hate Bacon free essay sample

I hate bacon. Everything about bacon, I can’t stand—its smell, its grease, its coloring. Especially its taste. Yet every Sunday, for the past two years, I’ve made bacon. Trays and trays of bacon. I’ve touched its rawness and plotted its grease, all in the name of Panera’s Bacon, Egg and Cheese on ciabatta sandwich for some rude customer stopping by after mass. Oh no. Out of bacon. â€Å"Sir, I’m really sorry but it will be about a 10 minute wait for that; we have to make more bacon.† â€Å"How is this possible? Really? A breakfast place with no bacon? You’ve got to be kidding me.† I bite my tongue; I don’t want to upset him. Something I’ve become really good at: tolerance. Befriend the bad guys and adore the good ones. Give them free cookies, a latte, a puppy! Anything to compensate for the, now 7 minute, wait for their precious, artery clogging bacon. We will write a custom essay sample on I Hate Bacon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Make more bacon. Fix the problem. Now. Faster. Problem solving, a skill I have perfected. My innovative mind controls the cafe, from employee training to coffee brewing and of course, bacon making. Solving problems quicker than they arise, I’m always alert. â€Å"Sir, your sandwich is ready! Again, I apologize for the wait on that. Sunday mornings are crazy!† â€Å"Pfft, yeah, sure, whatever. Thanks.† Mumbles. I expected that. I brush it off—I won’t let it tear me down. Sometimes, conflicts happen and we run out of bacon. No one’s perfect—I’m sure not. But I strive to be. I strive to always have bacon. Even if, I hate it.

Teaching Listening and Speaking free essay sample

Share with us know your thoughts and your experiences in Teaching Listening and Speaking in your school. Candidly share your opinions on the following topics. 1. What are your best accomplishments in teaching these two skills to your students? 2. What are some of the challenges/problems you encountered in teaching this two skills? 3. What are your hopes and expectations of this course? Thank you Dr Lee Dear Doc, Thank you for posting these questions; frankly speaking I’ve already felt the burden and daunting task because of this new routine of becoming a student and a teacher at the same time. Anyway I’ll try my best to fulfil the task. Sorry if my answers are too long, I just can’t control the desire to write. 1. The pupils in SK Pulau Gaya especially in my class love imitating other and singing songs. They learn new language by imitating people who can impress and make them enjoy themselves whether in class or outside the class. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Listening and Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Learning through experiences and observing the pupils, I try to adapt a new approach rather than using the same old monotonous and boring method. Luckily I could play some musical instrument especially the guitar, so from that point, there’s no turning back. From a boring class. I managed to turn my class into becoming more lively and interactive. By singing songs, pupils are already engaging actively in listening and speaking process. Whereas, I sing the song first as they try to listen to the lyrics and afterwards they will try to sing it together. This process may sound cliche’ or maybe just ordinary but for me it worked like a charm. In addition, memorising words, phrases or sentences seemed to have some small impact for the pupil. If they like the song that they’ve heard then they will try their best to memorise the lyrics although it will take some time. From speaking the common Bajau, Suluk/Tausug or Sabahan Malay language, some of my pupils have shown their effort to speak in English and able to understand simple instruction and so forth. Although this cannot be considered as a best accomplishment but for me this is something meaningful and can be the catalyst for achieving better accomplishment in the future. 2. Coming from a school that is lacking of electricity, conducive teaching and learning surrounding, variety of resources and etc. Teaching Listening and speaking can be quite tough and intimidating.Not that I’m complaining, but it is a harsh reality that I’ve to live with. As a teacher, we’re being advice to be flexible and creative. Pupils of my school are largely speakers of native language such as Bajau and Suluk/Tausug language. 70 percent of them converse daily in their mother tongue, only a small portion of them are speaking Sabahan Malay. So logically saying, the pupils have to learn two more languages in addition to their own language. With limited resources, it’s quite challenging for the teacher to teach languages for the pupils here.If we are using useless, non-creative and non-practical approach in teaching Listening and Speaking to them than the same cycle will keep repeating, the pupils will never open their heart to learn new languages because they are not convinced enough that the languages such as English is fun and important to them. Still, some of them show eagerness to learn English but it all depends on the teachers to be proactive and emphasized more on Listening and Speaking that seemingly being neglected seriously which includes me. 3.

Free Essays on Hypothetical

The first issue in the paper is that â€Å"several males who were seen on the streets wearing dark clothing, and who appeared to the officers to be suspicious looking were taken in to custody for questioning†. This issue raises the question; is the several males looking suspicious enough probable cause for the officers to make an arrest, does it violate the male’s rights of the fourth amendment? The fourth amendment states â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Inciardi p. 188). An arrest may be made in two ways: with a warrant or without a warrant. In this case it was without a warrant. To make an arrest the officer must have probable cause and there are two ele ments to probable cause to arrest. The first is that a crime has been committed and the other is that the person to be arrested committed the offense (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 52). It is unclear to me if because the several males â€Å"looked suspicious† if this makes them a suspect of committing the crime. Another issue to address is that Mr. Troubleshooter was chased, apprehended by citizens, and then held to the ground for approximately fifteen minutes against his will. The first problem is that a private person arrest should be made when a crime has been committed, or attempted, in the presence of the arresting person (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 51). The arrest must be made upon more than a mere suspicion that a crime had been committed. In this case the citizens arrested Mr. Troubleshooter because of his reputation of being a drug dealer, and his â€Å"brisk walk† towards his apartment with what appeared to be a gun. Although Mr. Troubleshooter may have been w... Free Essays on Hypothetical Free Essays on Hypothetical The first issue in the paper is that â€Å"several males who were seen on the streets wearing dark clothing, and who appeared to the officers to be suspicious looking were taken in to custody for questioning†. This issue raises the question; is the several males looking suspicious enough probable cause for the officers to make an arrest, does it violate the male’s rights of the fourth amendment? The fourth amendment states â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Inciardi p. 188). An arrest may be made in two ways: with a warrant or without a warrant. In this case it was without a warrant. To make an arrest the officer must have probable cause and there are two ele ments to probable cause to arrest. The first is that a crime has been committed and the other is that the person to be arrested committed the offense (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 52). It is unclear to me if because the several males â€Å"looked suspicious† if this makes them a suspect of committing the crime. Another issue to address is that Mr. Troubleshooter was chased, apprehended by citizens, and then held to the ground for approximately fifteen minutes against his will. The first problem is that a private person arrest should be made when a crime has been committed, or attempted, in the presence of the arresting person (Stuckey, Roberson, Wallace p. 51). The arrest must be made upon more than a mere suspicion that a crime had been committed. In this case the citizens arrested Mr. Troubleshooter because of his reputation of being a drug dealer, and his â€Å"brisk walk† towards his apartment with what appeared to be a gun. Although Mr. Troubleshooter may have been w...

Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Story - Essay Example He argued and said that I can still flip in a rubberized mat which is true. But it is very painful to flip on a rubberized mat compared to a cushioned mat because rubberized mat is very hard. I told him that it’s best to use cushioned mat because he can still practice his Arnis even though it’s cushioned mat flooring. My brother didn’t have any experience in Aikido while I had experience in Arnis. The main conflict was about choosing the best type of flooring for the gym. Using critical thinking, I found out that my brother isn’t open-minded to people’s point of view. He is basing his own reasoning on his perception which he has no insight and experience on the matter of flipping and rolling in a certain mat. Using critical thinking, I know it is best to use the cushioned mat because I can train properly on my techniques in Aikido and he can also train properly his techniques in Arnis. I am basing my reasoning from my insight and experience from training both Aikido and Arnis which lead me to have a strong reasoning that it is best to use cushioned mat because it will work for the both of us I had developed the habit of being open-minded. Because wherever you are, whatever you are doing it is best to gain insights from experienced people in order for us to strengthen our point of view with

Response and Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response and Summary - Essay Example She adds that it can help people become healthier too by reducing stress and anxiety. Likewise, it may improve creativity because people have more time to think about improving different work aspects. Damon believes that, though a three-day weekend break sounds great, reality indicates that people are â€Å"going the other way,† working longer than shorter hours per week. He adds that discipline and â€Å"benevolent employer[s]† are important for a four-day week to work (â€Å"GlobalNews†). She agrees that benevolent employers understand that employees are human beings who need extra time out. She further notes that retention rates may also increase if employees think that their employers are concerned of their general welfare. High retention rates mean lower employment costs that arise due to high employee turnout. The strengths of the claims of the speaker are its promotion of a shorter week’s benefits to individuals and societies and provision of examples of companies/nations that practice it. By promoting various benefits, Lyall may convince more organizations to implement it. In addition, through giving examples of companies and nations applying it, it underlines its popularity that may increase its acceptability for other firms. The weakness of the claims is that a shorter work week alone is not enough to attain its benefits. It may not improve the economy if people are not disciplined enough to finish their work on time. It cannot enhance work-life balance too if people bring their work to their homes. It could also hardly advance gender equality, if many people continue to think that only women must perform traditional roles and responsibilities. Despite this weakness, I agree with Lyall that a four-day week can have social and economic benefits. It means being more productive because I can focus on working more efficiently. It also gives economic advantages because I have lesser expenses in going to work. Three days of weekend

Strategic Management Process: Airtel

Strategic Management Process: Airtel Industry: Telecom The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world, with about 19 million additions a month. The industry has witnessed consistent growth during the last year on the back of rollout of newer circles by operators, successful auction of third-generation (3G) and broadband wireless access (BWA) spectrum, network rollout in semi-rural areas and increased focus on the value added services (VAS) market. there have been several new entrants in the markets lately. This has led to ever lowering tariffs and a decrease in the revenue of existing players. Fresh acquisition of customers is no longer a guarantee to increase in revenue. Consequently, in addition to the lower calling rates, the operators have been forced to provide a host of value added and auxiliary services. To retain its leadership position, Airtel is already leading the way in areas of mobile commerce, banking etc. As the Indian telecom industry enters its third phase, growth in the markets is bound to mirror the growth in the economy. This provides valuable pointers to the next driver of growth the rural India where mobile penetration levels still remain an abysmal 15%. Airtel has been looking to expand and learn in the rural/low income market segment. Airtel has already ventured into providing mobile financial services, mobile money transfers to customers in rural areas, further leveraging its existing base of cellular subscribers. Vision and Mission Vision By 2015, Airtel will be the most loved brand, enriching the lives of millions. Mission We will meet the  mobile  communication  needs of our  customer through   error-free service delivery Innovative Product and Service Cost efficiency Unified messaging solution Objectives/Goals To undertake transformational projects that have a positive impact on society and contribute to the nation building process To diversify into new businesses in agriculture, financial services and retail business with world class partners To lay the foundation for building a conglomerate for future. Environment Analysis Porters Five Forces (Cellular Services) 1. Threat of new entrants MEDIUM TRAI has been following a liberal regulatory regime to encourage greater competition with better quality and affordable prices The government presently allows FDI of 76% in the sector, encouraging foreign players to enter the Indian market. Heavy capex requirements and strict licensing policy hinders entry 2. Bargaining Power of buyers VERY HIGH Lack of product differentiation- There are short term gains that one player may have from innovation/ first mover advantage into a new value added service Extremely low switching costs in moving from 1 service provider to another Multiple service providers- very wide variety of choice for the customers. Competitive landscape implies consistently better offers and deals for customers. 3. Bargaining power of suppliers VERY LOW Airtel outsources most of its operations. Since contracts are allocated to the highest bidder, Airtel only looks at getting the best deal. This mechanism provides Airtel with a high degree of flexibility. For eg. Network outsourcing/maintenance partners: Ericsson(15 circles), Siemens(7 circles), Huawei., IT system partner: IBM, Tower maintenance and other infrastructure: Bharti Infratel and Indus towers. 4. Pressure from substitutes HIGH The communications space is very dynamic with new technology (3G and 4G) and products flooding the market. Mobile services are competing with products such as, Wired-lines ,CDMA, Video telephony, Tata/ Reliance- Walky phones, Internet telephony- Skype, google, fring etc, VSAT phones.Additionally, data services on cellular phones have become an essential product feature. On this front, mobile services face a significant threat from local ISPs, broadband service, leased lines, Blackberry and iPad. 5. Current Rivalry MEDIUM-HIGH Airtel is the current market leader in the mobile service (GSM) sector with 31% market share. Vodafone, BSNL, Idea are its major competitors. Competitive Advantage Airtel has the following competitive advantages: Strategic alliances: Acquisitions and JVs Airtel has been entering into various JVs and acquisitions to increase its footprint as well as global presence. The firm has stake in JT mobiles, Sky Cell etc. With the acquisition of Zain and other players, Airtel has used this strategy effectively to become a global player Outsourcing: Airtel has a clear outsourcing strategy. It outsources all its functions except marketing, sales and finance; this has helped the firm focus on its core competencies. Further due to its market leadership position and volume of its operations, there are multiple bidders; which has ensured high quality service/products for Airtel Supplier Relationships Airtel has strong relationships with its suppliers. It relies on Bharti Infratel for towers, IBM for IT systems etc. It is able to sustain its innovative business model ,by focusing on relationship management with vendors International Presence Airtels global presence and deep pockets are a source of competitive advantage for the firm. Value Chain Analysis The traditional mobile industry value chain basically involved the mobile operator, service provider, device manufacturer and the customer. However the mobile services industry is rapidly evolving with value added services, data services etc. gaining significance. These are a very profitable revenue stream for the service provider. For example in the value added services segment, the network operator keeps about 60% of revenue, the technology/software developer retains about 25%, while the content provider gets about 20% of the revenue from value added services (Source: IMRB Research). With M-Commerce contents becoming increasingly important in the value chain, it is seen that the operator share in the value chain has been declining. Airtel has been tying up with entertainment providers, FMCGs, insurance companies to maintain a share in the value chain. From a strategy perspective, this should be one of the focus areas for Airtel. Business Level Strategy Airtel cellular service follows a cost leadership strategy. The market focus is broad- with the firm catering to 137 million customers as of FY10. Further, since differentiation is very short lived and immediately imitated by competitors; firms attempt to maintain a cost advantage over their competitors. Airtel has maintained its cost leadership by reducing its operational costs and its unique business model- which outsources all major functions except, sales, marketing and finance. Differentiation is also attempted with the help of value added services. While there are several player in the market, including the new entrants, Bharti-Airtel, Rcom and BSNL are the only players to gain a differential advantage on the account of existing infrastructural capability. Differentiation Focused differentiation Cost leadership- AIRTEL CELLULAR Focused Cost Integrated Competitive Scope Narrow Broad Source of competitive advantage Differentiation Cost Corporate Level Strategy Bharti Airtel has been divided into distinct business units, as follows: The Mobile Services division is probably the most valuable division of Bharti Airtel. Airtel offers GSM mobile services in all the 23-telecom circles of India and is the largest mobile service provider in the country, based on the number of customers. It provides numerous value added services such as mobile apps, hello tunes, m-commerce, wireless internet etc. The Airtel Telemedia Services division provides high speed broadband internet and related services. It also provides landline service in 93 cities across India. It also launched its DTH services in 2008 and is present in more than 150 cities now. The Enterprise Services division provides a diverse portfolio of services to large Enterprise and Carrier customers. This division is further divided into two unite: Carrier business unit and Corporate business unit. The Corporate Business Unit provides end to end telecom solutions to Indias large corporate. It specializes in providing customized solutions to address the unique requirements of different industry verticals. The Carrier Business Unit provides long distance wholesale voice and data services to carrier customers as well as to other business units of Airtel. It is present in significant capacity in the International arena as well. Differentiation Focused differentiation Cost leadership- AIRTEL CELLULAR Focused Cost Integrated Competitive Scope Narrow Broad Source of competitive advantage Differentiation Cost The Digital TV Services provides customers with a unique TV viewing experience with a wide variety of channels and programmes and with the on-demand content on Airtel Live. The international business group deals with all of Airtels operations outside India and South Asia. Bharti Airtel has comparatively low levels of diversification, and it follows a Dominant Business strategy. The second quarter financials of Airtel show that its mobile services division had a gross revenue of Rs. 8099 crore, which is roughly 82% of its total revenue of Rs. 9846 crore. Thus its mobile services division is its dominant business. The reasons for Airtel to diversify are purely based on value creation. As all its divisions focus mainly on telecommunication and related technologies, the transfer of core competencies becomes much easier and much more useful. Moreover sharing activities and resources, especially technological knowledge, is very helpful and creates a positive synergy for Airtel. It also gives Airtel to increase its market power by engaging in multipoint competition with competitors such as Tata. Further it provides efficient internal capital allocation opportunities to airtel, as the retained earnings from its hugely profitable Mobile services can be put to good use in other divisions. Value creation through diversification Airtel seeks to create value through diversification by moving across businesses that share both operational and corporate relatedness. With this approach, it expects to achieve high resource sharing and consequently, significant cost reduction. It looks at operational relatedness since a number of its businesses operate across similar technologies and thus the platform for a given product can be used directly for extending the service from a completely new product. As an example, the cables for a telephone connection provided by Airtel can be used to provide broadband service to the customer without any significant change in infrastructure. The skills required from the technicians are also not very different and thus economies of scale are quite possible. The same logic can be extended to exploring the corporate relatedness. All the diversified businesses require similar managerial and technical expertise as can be seen in the example provided above. In pursuing this strategy, Airtel will have to be conscious of the fact that it can lead to diseconomies of scope. This can arise primarily from the very factor which Airtel is banking on similarity across its businesses. A wrong move in any one of the businesses can spill over to its other business and cause repercussions even in the short term. This is the very reason that the organization cannot afford to go easy on any of its domains and needs to keep up to speed in all its businesses. International Strategy Today Bharti Airtel operates in 19 countries throughout the world. Apart from being the largest cellular service provider in India, it is the fifth largest telecom operator in the world. It has about 207.8 million subscribers worldwide 152.5 million in India, 50.3 million are in Africa. This has helped Airtel to increase its global market share and revenues significantly. International Business Level Strategy We will view this in further detail using Porters Determinants of National Advantage model: It is worth noticing here that after the Indian subcontinent, Airtels main region of operation is Africa. It is possible that the company found it attractive to enter Africa because due to its economic conditions, countries there would be lacking in necessary factors of production. Domestic companies in Africa would be lacking in technological resources, human resources, and capital necessary in the telecommunications sector. On the other hand, there is no lack of such resources in India. This is one of the major reasons why Airtel chose to expand there. Although the demand for services provided by Airtel is increasing at a rapid pace in India, there is still a lot of competition and the demand is smoothing out slowly. To further increase its revenues and market share Airtel has to expand to other nations as well. Due to the lack of existence of bare minimum infrastructure in Africa and the slow but steady increase in its economic well being, the demand conditions over there should be very high. The related and supporting industries are also very competitive and there are a lot of players in the telecommunication sector, like Vodafone, BSNL and Reliance. International Corporate Level Strategy The business of Airtel has been divided into two units based on geography. Need for cost responsiveness There are three basic international corporate level strategies availaible to any firm: Need for local responsiveness Airtel has always made it a point to focus on the needs of customers and provide solutions to customers according to their requirements. For example, the mobile services that they offer vary even among the different states of India according to customers preferences. Similarly, the kind of services, offers, plans and value addition that they offer in India is very different than what they offer in other nations. For Airtel, need to address local responsiveness has always been of the utmost importance. On the other hand, the need for global integration is not very high. The two business groups, as shown above, are distinct from each other. Due to the lack of proximity of the locations where Airtel operates, and other strategic factors, it is best for Airtel to have low levels of global integration. Keeping the above points in mind, it is clear that Airtel follows a multidomestic strategy. Organizational Structure Bharti Airtel follows an integrated structure responsible for all aspects of its telecom business in India. Significant reorganization took place in October 2006 in line with the vision of making Airtel, the most admired brand in India by 2010. As quoted by their president, it is their endeavor to build an integrated business, leading to higher synergies efficiencies and creating an organization that has a truly national character in every aspect of business operations. The present structure marks the transition of Airtel towards a customer focused organization while building sustainability scalability to seamlessly manage 100 million customers and beyond. The new organization has been designed to enable strong corporate governance whilst ensuring operational freedom, through functional matrix reporting relationships. Actual Structure Bharti Airtel is structured into four strategic business units Mobile services, Broadband Telephone (BT) services, Enterprise services and DTH services. The mobile business provides mobile fixed wireless services using GSM technology across 23 telecom circles. The BT business provides broadband telephone services in 94 cities. The Enterprise services provide end-to-end telecom solutions to corporate customers and national and international long distance services to carriers. All these services are provided under the Airtel brand. The top level management of Airtel across its four divisions is as shown in the following figure. In the case of Airtel, a matrix organization structure introduces, or at least recognizes, the real life complexity of a business environment. Geography, function, technology, business unit and technology (among others) are the important factors that are recognized in the matrix organizations structure. However, the above mentioned structure also introduces a higher level of internal complexity and some additional people management challenges, so there must be significant advantages that are seen by the organization that outweigh the matrix people management challenges. Matrix organization structures were initially introduced in complex projects such as the airspace industry to cope with complex projects. Since then a number of organizations, often prompted by large strategy consultancies, have adopted or altered the matrix organization structure to help deal with internal and external complexity. In the following figure, a sample matrix organizational structure is shown. In the case of Airtel, the project manager refers to the managers of the different services provided by Airtel across its divisions. It is clear that this allows for sharing of resources across the various projects. At its simplest the matrix organization structure just reflects this external complexity in the internal structure. Airtel is a brand that is aiming for a global presence and realizes that geography is important but so are function, customer grouping, product and technology. Basically, a matrix organization structure is an acknowledgment of the notion that since it is improbable to specify the weightage of importance that can be attributed to these factors, there is a need to allow a structure that is flexible and permits balancing and prioritizing on a daily basis between the various divisions. Thus there is a conscious trade-off for clarity in return for more flexibility. An important issue to consider here is that while the organization structure itself is a good fit for Airtel, a lot of emphasis needs to be laid on the successful coordination of the people and their skill sets within the organization. Advantages As a synopsis, the advantages reaped by Airtel as a result of its organizational structure include: Improved resource accessibility across the old functional and geographic silos. Effective coordination on shared technologies across the organization (extended to a global level) Decentralization of management decisions Improved access to a diverse range of skills and perspectives. increased communication and coordination across the business Flexible as per the needs of global or regional customers Structural Issues Dual reporting structures run a risk of initiating power struggles. Dual lines of authority in the matrix often create power struggles between the vertical and lateral forces as each tries to secure member loyalty and budget rupees. Teams may develop groupitis, the matrix depends on team functioning, there may be an overdependence on group decision-making even where it is unnecessary. This can slow down projects and further be a point of frustration for people managers. It is a widely acknowledged fact that the matrix structure increases administrative overhead, it also ideally suits the progressive development of new ideas into projects. However, when a slump hits, one common tendency is to discard the matrix in favor of more traditional approaches. The matrix can become a scapegoat for inefficiencies. Decision strangulation matrix organizational structures legitimize multiple information flows throughout the organization, creating the danger that too much information will be processed before a decision will be made. Some project managers may feel compelled to check with everyone on every project decision. Corporate Governance Corporate Governance is a set of mechanisms used to manage their relationship among stakeholders and to determine and control the strategic direction and performance of organisations. An organisation is owned by its shareholders but is managed by the ownership (Principal Agent Issues). Many a times the decisions taken by the management may not be in the best interests of the shareholders and thus Agency costs arise. To ensure that such a scenario does not arise it is essential for the firm to have strong corporate governance tools. Bharti  Airtel limited firmly believes in the principles of Corporate Governance and is committed to conduct its business in a manner, which will ensure sustainable, capital-efficient and long-term growth thereby maximising value for its shareholders, customers, employees and society at large. Companys policies are in line with Corporate Governance guidelines prescribed under Listing Agreement/s with Stock Exchanges and the Company ensures that various disclosures requirements are complied in letter and spirit for effective Corporate Governance. As proof of the excellence of Bharti Airtel in the Corporate Governance it has been Rated Level 1 by CRISIL which is the highest Governance and Value Creation rating (GVC). One way to ensure strong corporate governance is by having independent directors on the board of Directors. Their sole purpose is to ensure that the decisions taken by the management are in the best interests of the shareholders. In order to ensure that this corporate governance tool is a sound check, Airtel has ensured the following: The board has 2 executive members and 14 non executive members. 50% of the members of the board are independent directors which is a good sign of corporate governance. The board meets regularly outside the presence of management. The chairman of the board is not the CEO or a former CEO of the firm. Else it may impair the ability and willingness of independent board members to express opinions contrary to those of management. Independent board members have a primary or leading board member in cases where the chairman is not independent. Board members are not closely aligned with a firm supplier, customer, share-option plan or pension advisor. This may lead to a conflict of interest scenario. Another suitable means of aligning the interests of the shareholders with that of the management is by means of changing the structure of executive compensation. Having parameters such as stock options as part of the pay will ensure that management will take decisions that benefit both the stockholders as well as themselves indirectly. This a strategy that is used extensively at Airtel particularly as far as the top management compensation goes. Other Corporate Governance Initiatives taken by Airtel are Shareholders Board of Directors Audit Committee Managing Director HR/ Remuneration Management Operations ESOP Compensation Investor Grievance Corporate Governance Mechanisms at Airtel Audit Committee Six members, two-third of which is independent directors. At least four times a year. (Max time gap 4 months) The Committee Chairman shall attend the Annual General Meeting. To ensure that the financial statements are true and accurate and provide sufficient information. Recommending to the Board, the appointment, re-appointment and, if required, the replacement or removal of the statutory auditor and the fixation of their audit fees. Human Resource (HR)/ Remuneration Committee Six non-executive directors, out of which four members including the chairman are independent directors. Attraction and Retention strategies for employees. Employees Development Strategies. Compensation All Human Resources related issue. ESOP Compensation Committee Constituted in accordance with SEBI Guidelines, 1999. Six members of whom four are independent and all are non-executive Formulate ESOP plans and decide on future grants. Formulate terms and conditions Employee Stock Option Schemes of the Company Investor Grievance Committee Constituted in accordance with Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement. Four members of whom three members including the Chairman, are non-executive directors Ensure speedy disposal of various requests received from shareholders from time to time (within 7-10 days from the date of receipt of complaint). Redressal of shareholders and investor complaints/ grievances. Monthly meeting The above detailed initiatives clearly point towards the importance that Airtel gives to Corporate Governance and this is further reaffirmed by Level 1 rating for GVC by CRISIL again in 2006. Organizational Controls They guide the use of strategy, indicate how to compare actual results with expected results and suggest corrective measures when the difference is unacceptable. It is an important part of the organisational structure and its key to a firms plans to exploit its core competencies. The organisational controls can be broadly classified as Strategic control: It is used to determine the fit between what a firm might possibly do on the basis of opportunities in the environment and what it can do on the basis of its core competencies and competitive advantages. In other words, the process of evaluating strategy, is practiced both after the strategy is formulated and after it is implemented Financial controls: They are used to measure the performance of the firm against set thresholds and analyse the reasons for being unable to meet them if the case by. Such controls generally include measures like Return on Investment (RoI), Return on Assets (RoA). Management control: It focuses on the accomplishment of the objectives of the various sub strategies comprising the master strategy and the accomplishment of the objectives of the intermediate plans. Operational control: It is concerned individual and group performance as compared with the individual and group role prescriptions required by organizational plans. Each of these types of control is not a separate and distinct entity and, in fact, may be indistinguishable from others. Moreover, similar measurement techniques may be used for each type of control. While both Financial and strategic controls are important the extent of importance accorded to each is determined by the firm strategy. Airtel which is following a cost leadership strategy focuses more on financial controls more than strategic ones. However a firm should not get too carried away along just one set of controls as that would hurt the long term sustainability. So if a firm focuses just on strategic controls while giving a cold shoulder to financial ones, it may soon face a scenario wherein it will run out of cash. The organizational control to a very large extent is determined by the Organisation Structure. Recommendations Considering the heavy fragmentation of the Indian mobile market, we propose the following recommendations so as to ensure that Airtel continues to be the market leader in this domain. As the above figure suggests, there has been a heavy influx of new players in this arena of late which has seen the market share of Airtel fall from above 50 % to about 30 % in half a decade. This means that Airtel should look at hereto untapped markets specially in developing countries with low penetration. Thus following the Multi Domestic strategy more aggressively is crucial to continued success Moreover the ARPU (Average Revenue per User) in India is pretty low. Thus more acquisitions like that of Zain telecom (ARPU of $55 vs Bharti ARPU $7) makes sense. There is no point in proliferating the number of subscribers if Airtel cannot charge them at competitive prices Since the competition in India has intensified, most players are engaging a price war which can be deleterious to the companys short term prospects. Herein Airtel should leverage its strong network and brand equity and not engage in a price war and try in move towards an integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy. The urban market penetration is about 95 % and hence the only way of expanding revenues from this stream is by introducing quality VAS (Value Added Services). These give high margin services and are going to be in much greater demand as the smart phone market swells. Entry and quality innovations into this niche domain (presently) would give it a big first movers advantage. Forging strategic alliances with mobile phone manufacturers specially those of high end handsets will be a great way to tap the premium segment. This segment often has very high usage and contributes significantly to the revenue stream. By locking them in with Airtel at the point of purchase itself, Airtel guarantees itself a long customer lifetime value. Also given the economic spurt, many such players have expressed their keen interest to enter the Indian markets.

Managing Change and Leading People Essay

â€Å"Impact of Organisational culture on role and responsibilities of the managers within the organisation† (Word count 2900 / Word limit 3000) Haque, A. U. 139________ According to Schein (2004) the core concept of organisational culture is developing an atmosphere and the procedures are created to ensure that employees are properly managed. Glendon and Stanton elaborate the that visible expression of an organisation is considered as a climate (2000, p. 198 ). By investigating in more depth, it is evident in the past literature, â€Å"Organisational culture is an outline of collective fundamental conjectures that the individuals together collectively discover a way that is valid to overcome problems of external adaption as well internal integration, and the validity is a reason that fresh employees are being told that this is the right way to feel, think, and perceive in association to those problems† (Schein 1992, p. 12). Lundberg (1990) explains the key attributes of the organisational culture: a framework that is designed on the common and shared beliefs, interests, perceptions, and values that individuals not only embrace and governs. It is set of rules and principles that not only make the organisation unique but define the organisational behavior or a common psychology driven from the set of rules (p. 19). Therefore, it can be said that organisational culture are the set of norms, beliefs, and patterns that serves the purpose of the organisation’s existence. The organisational culture is visible at all three levels of the organisation. The above mentioned figure explains that in the first level â€Å"artefacts† there are more visible values that are easily noticeable like dress code, workplace related patterns etc. In second layer there are espoused values that explains the norms and philosophy of organisational working pattern  where as the third level consist of strong beliefs that are generally accepted for granted without any objection or protest. These are underlying assumptions and workforce take it for granted. Denison (2010) strongly emphasis that over a time period, all types of organisations forms its own culture that serves as a special and unique identity and individuality differentiating it from the other organisations. This shows the significant of the organisational culture that why it is important for the present day leaders and managers to comprehensively understand it. The better a manager understands the organisational culture, more he or she can motivate and the workforce to achieve the organisational targets and objectives because the actual vision and purpose of existence of a company is in the heart of beliefs, norms, and culture of the organisation. The leaders and managers can only make themselves and their workforce to live up to the core values or corporate values when they ensure that from inspiring workforce to walk to talk and practically implement those values. The need to understand the organisational culture arise more for the leaders and managers to ensure the resources are allocated in effective and efficient ways. As per Schien (1985), in the manner things are being done is a significant notion that urges on the significance of understanding about the organisational culture in more depth (Deal and Kennedy, 1982, p. 04). The Above figure 2. reveals that the essentiality of understanding the organisational culture. The model shows that organisational culture is similar to an iceberg, as it appear to be small at upper surface but deep down is much larger than it appears. If leaders or managers do not properly understand organisational culture, they will not be able to perform their respective assigned tasks nor bring out the best from their respective workforce. Watson (2006) strongly highlights that in the present era, the shift in managerial thinking has been remarkable as now leaders and managers are more encouraged to make efforts in developing a strong organisational culture.  One of the example is Ford company where leaders play integral part in the formation of the organisational culture (Siriginia, 2012). On the other hand, Schein (2004) argue that leadership is bind with the culture in more than one way. TATA motors is an absolute example that organisational culture has from time to time played vital role in the responsibilities and roles of the leaders. The empirical research of O’Farrell (2006) at the Australian public service indicates that principles, code of conduct, statements of values has immense affect on the role and responsibilities of the managers. For instance, Ford motor company’s vision of aiming to become leading automotive consumer choice, this is a vision bounded in the culture of a company driving the managers towards more excellence in their respective performances as it has increased the role and responsibilities of the managers to accomplish and view the vision together with the workforce. â€Å"It is our responsibility as leaders, managers and administrators to transform the vision of the organisation into reality† (O’Farrell, 2006. p.8). This explains that the roles and responsibilities of the managers cannot be separated from the organisational According to Lester (2010) managers role turns at time into disciplinarian in small organisations as he or she attempts to ensure that the missions and targets are accomplished by the employees due to the organisational culture. However, it is not just limited to the small organisation as Ryanair is not a small business, but manager’s role is more disciplinarian due to organisational culture (Riley, 2013). Therefore, it can be said that no matter how simple or complex organisation may appear but managers have a definite role to play that is being architect by the organisational culture. Malinger et al., (2009) emphasized that the organisational culture is indeed a tone setter for the leaders and managers in not only accomplishing the organisational objectives, but the changes are also managed by the managers and leaders due to the existing organisational culture. The same study revealed that managers role may not emerge as clearly as it should have been due to the reason it is at time overshadowed by the organisational culture. To support the statement, a survey at a Goodwin company indicated that managers may not succeed in the bringing the changes in the organisation due  to the lack of employee’s personal motivation. This means that no matter how much strong influences of organisational culture may have on the responsibilities of the managers but there is no guarantee that employees will accept the changes if lacks motivation. Hence, we can say that the responsibilities of the manager further exceed as to motivate and convince the workers towards accepti ng and embracing the changes for the organisational interest. The role of a manager increase more when the organisational culture demands to bring the changes inside the organisation. The manager become more of mentor and a coach to ensure that employees are trained to accept and respond in right manner towards the required changes. In the example of Head Start, the managers and leaders role and responsibilities include empowering the workforce in order to bring the best out of them. The ‘Program Culture’ is the responsibility of the managers to make sure that every individual understand the culture of the organisation and positively contribute towards the organisational success (ECLKC, 2013). In other words, the manager’s prime role is to create an environment that promotes a healthy relationship among employee with employees, employees with the management, and employees with their respective jobs. Training and development is essential for the managers to ensure that employees are understanding the organisational culture an d contributing towards the organisational interest rather than personal goals and interests (Bennis, 1989). Lister (2010) propose that the role of managers shaped by the firms with organisational culture that promote the role of disseminated leadership culture where workers are integral part of the formation of the strategies related to business, will urge the managers to have more close coordination and interaction with the employees. From the above figure, it is clear that the corporate culture and strategy of the organisation must be align so that managers can accomplish their goals. Similarly, the research report of Head Start Program published by ECLKC (2013) revealed that the role of manager is to communicate with the workforce properly to make sure that the organisational operations are being carried out in a swift and smooth patterns. However, Riley (2013) strongly argue that leaders and managers’  personal style has more influence in shaping the organisational culture. Considering the case study of Ryanair, the â€Å"macho† management culture is dominated and result of the leadership style of Michael O’Leary. Despite, this notion, the management literature suggest that in majority of the cases, it is the organisational culture that has impact on the changing responsibilities and roles of the organisation, such as in the case study of TATA motors and Ford (Sriginia, 2012). Therefore, it can be said that manager’s may have more interaction with the subordinates to encourage their participation in the decisions. Furthermore, Reed Business Information, (2011) states that individuals inside the organisation forms the organisational culture. Individuals with more authority do lead the firms and have huge influence on the culture as a result of power linkage between subordinates and managers or leaders. For this reason, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding about the group’s distinct behaviors so that organisational culture and its influences on responsibilities and roles of the managers can be analyzed. Manager’s main task is to make certain that right things are done in right manner. This means that it is responsibility of the manager to establish the channels in which job is done in correct manner without enticing the workforce to react in a negative way. Mowbray (2010) consider trustworthiness, motivation, wisdom, intelligence, skills to foster others, and attentiveness are some of the key attributes required by the managers to accomplish the organisational objectives through workforce. Similarly, Kouzes and Posner (1993) also argue that the role of the manager is to built an effective team inside the organisation, that can only be possible when managers posses these types of attributes. The similar findings is evident in extract of Lister (2010) that manager’s role is to lead by examples. It is the responsibility of the manager to double check that employees are motivated and performing for increasing organisational outcomes. The core values of the organisation must be lived by the managers themselves. For this reason, it is important that manager should set examples. Ron Williams of Atena is example of how leading from the front is important as he is the first person who encourages his workforce to be the first person  to be informed about the bad news. The organisational culture of Atena has four phases that are (i) Integrity, (ii) Excellence, (iii) Inspiration, and (iv) Caring respectively. These four components are the core competencies of the organisation. The manager is responsible to make certain that quality services are being delivered in an effective and efficient way. The others are being respected and inspired to perform better. These core concepts are the actual components that encourages and develops the role of leader to be more result oriented within this framework. One of the element of Atena is discussed here to explain the impact of culture and that is inspiring each other to find new ways to make a world better place. RIB – Reed Business Information (2011) also states that managers must have adaption in his approach to develop a culture of positivity at workplace that a firm requires and inspire and empower other employees to do the tasks with positive attitude and intent. However, workwell model (2010) for health management, that is being issued by the Business In The Community – BITC does not consider the management behavior as the hub and therefore does not take in account the managers and employee’s behavior can have influence on the environment but it considers environment as a key consideration that will have a strong influence on the choices and feelings. Since the role of manager as being identified by various researchers as â€Å"inspiring and motivating employees† (Bennis 1989; Lister 2010; and Sirginia, 2012). Therefore, it can be state that full understanding of the organisational culture is essential to increase employee engagement, which is the responsibility of the managers within the organisation. Mowbray (2010) consider that code of conduct is one of the important responsibility of the manager to ensure that all the employees are following the code of conduct regularly. These code of conducts are in reality part of the organisational culture’s artefacts. This means that it is the duty of the managers to make sure that the employees are following the code of conduct inside the organisation. This way, it can be said that the management behavior is reflected as well developed through the organisational culture. Furthermore, Mowbray (2010) stressed on the role of  the manager to maintain a steady focus on the organisational management, people and talent management, and service management. We notice that the values must be promoted and lived by the managers themselves in a practical manner as Blue Skies case study, it was clear that the core values of the firm were not personally lived by the managers and owner which lead to the turmoil and severe consequences. On the other hand, it is viewed that IKEA Group corporate is preferred by the employees as they feel proud to be part of it. The reason behind it is the values are centre of the culture (IKEA, 2013). The principles, values, and missions are being reflected by the code of conduct as a guiding source for the managers to carry out their responsibilities. These codes enable the managers to manage conflicts and resolve disputes at the workplace. For this purpose, effective communication is very important. It is one of the key responsibility of the managers to monitor and evaluate that the smooth communication is flowing in horizontal as well vertical direction. In case of Head Start values and beliefs are most crucial for the managers and leaders to understand and deliver the best to ensure that the conflicts are resolved. Any conflict or issue is an obstacle that will hinder the organisation from performing properly. Therefore, manager’s responsibility is to make certain that the conflicts are being resolved in a way that will contributed to the success of the organisation. As the communication channels improve, there is more and more effectiveness and efficiency in the workin g of the organisation. Everything that a manager manages is with the ultimate goal of reaching and accomplishing the organisational objectives. Planning, organizing, controlling, monitoring, directing, staffing, and coordinating are all the primary roles of the managers in the organisation. All these roles are linked with the one ultimate objective that is to make the most of the available resources to achieve goals and targets of the organisation. It is evident clearly that vision and mission are part of the organisational culture that are translated by the managers through above mentioned roles of the managers. For instance, the manager’s behavior play vital role in the influencing the behavior of the others was identified in the process of NHS  managers’ quality assurance done by the management consultancy PwC – PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC, 2009). This means that positive behavior of a manager is important to develop a positive culture so it can be said that it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure that positive workplace environment is established within the organisation. However, the roles and responsibility varies from managers to managers and organisation to organisation because of its own unique culture. It is not that only manager’s role and responsibilities are being influenced by the organisational culture. There are other things like the behavior, attitude towards work, and commitment and engagement of both employees as well managers are also influenced by the culture of the organisation. On the basis of above analysis it can be said that the organisational culture is like an umbrella under which all the values, beliefs, codes, principles, norms, and procedures groom to give rise to the unique identity of the organisation. The organisational culture is not limited to only written principles, it is something that from walk to talk must be embraced by each and every individual, transformed through the managers and lived by each and every individual. Organisational culture has three significant level that are similar to the iceberg, where underlying assumptions are covered inside rituals and generally taken for granted beliefs. Furthermore, it is also clear that role of manager is to make certain that employees are led by setting examples, building effective teams, promoting smooth channels of communications, conflict management, planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, monitoring, etc are all key roles of the managers. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the manager to make sure that employees are properly trained and embrace the organisational culture properly. The more employees are familiar with the organisational culture, more are the chances of smooth operations and long time sustainability. The organisational culture not only differentiate the organisation from the other in line competitors but helps in the business succession planning and developing the environment to retain the best talents inside the organisation. Employees who have better understanding of the organisational culture, works to promote the organisational goal with more devotion and  motivation. This means that talents are retained by the organisations. However, sometime the norms and beliefs may hinder in the way of progress and change as managers and leader unconsciously follow the same routes that they have been following from long time. It is essential to develop a system through which top management review that the organisational culture is positive and progressive, proving the opportunities for the workforce to be more professional and participative. References: Bennis, W. (1989). â€Å"Why Leaders Can’t Lead†. Training and Development Journal. 43 (4), 38. Deal, T.E. and Kennedy, A.A. (1982). Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Reading, MA: Peruses Books. Denison, D. (2010). What is an Organisational culture? why culture matters to your organisation . Available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rd0kf3wd120. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013. ECDK, (1997). â€Å"Influencing Organizational Culture.† Leading Head Start into the Future. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community Glendon, A.I. & Stanton, N.A. (2000). Perspectives on Safety Culture. Safety Science 34, 193-214. IKEA, (2013). Why work at IKEA? available at: https://www.ikea.com. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013. Kouzes, J., and Posner, B., (1993), Credibility: How Leaders Gain and Lose It. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Lister, J. (2010). Organisational Culture’s Effect on Manager’s Role. Available: http://smallbusiness.chron.co m/organizational-cultures-effects-managers-role-18426.html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013. Lundberg, C. C. (1990). Surfacing organisational culture. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 5(4), 19-26. Mallinger, M., Goodwin, D., And O’Hara, T.,. (2009). Reorganizing the organisational culture in Managing Change. Graziado Business Review. 12 (1), 1-30. Mowbray D. (2010). â€Å"Changing management behavior†. occasional paper, vol.3 no.7 O’Farrell, G. (2006) Cultures and Values in the Queensland Public Service, Speech presented at the Queensland Regional Heads Forum Annual Business Conference, Conrad Hotel, Broad beach, 25 May 2006. Available at: http://www.qrhf.gov.au/04_conferences/georgeofarrell.presentation.pdf.pdf. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013. PwC. (2009). â€Å"Assuring the quality of senior

Netflix’s Business Model and Strategy Essay

Netflix is the largest subscription service for sending DVD’s by mail and streaming movies and TV episodes over the internet. Netflix’s revenues grew from $500 million in 2004 to $519.8 million in 2010. Company’s net income increased from $21.6 million in 2004 to $141-156 million in 2010. It attracted 1.6 million subscribers in 2004 and had to 15 million subscribers by 2010. Reed Hastings founder and CEO of Netflix have pushed the company to outcompete its movie rental competitors by building the world’s best internet movie service. Netflix is the world largest online entertainment subscription service and revolutionized the way that people rent movies. Netflix has outcompete its rivals on the basis of differentiation features, with their higher quality, wider product selection, added performance and services, and has superior technology. Netflix has a large selection of DVDs to choose from. It maintains relationships with entertainment providers to expand the title selection. Movies are prescreened for customers based on peer reviews. This allows Netflix to increase their inventory with movies chosen by viewers. There are no late fees. Netflix technology is superior because movies and TV episodes can be streamed directly onto nearly any device in a matter of seconds. Netflix business model and strategy can be analyzed with the 5 competitive forces in the movie rental marketplace: 1-substitute, 2- buyers, 3- suppliers, 4- potential for new entrants, 5- rivalry Substitute-It does not matter who sells the movie or the TV episode at the end the end user is getting the same product whether he got it from Walmart or Blockbuster. Substitute for Netflix and a potential threat is pirating movie files from the internet and illegal. This is a substitute that is inexpensive or free copy of the file. Buyers- Have the power to select where they are going to get movies or TV episode. They are going to look provides the best price and best quality. Buyers are not loyal and can get this product from other vendors. Competitors compare industry prices and quality. They will reduce cost in order to attract the buyer. Suppliers-Such are Hollywood are likely to increase cost if the industry profits increase. Suppliers have the capability to make movies and TV episodes harder to get by limiting license agreements. In order for suppliers to maximize their revenues they sell large number of movies and TV episodes the outcome results in competition and does not allow supplier to have much power on the product. Potential for new entrants- Blockbuster, and Netflix are the dominant retailers in the market it is very difficult for new entrants to succeed. Rivalry- Consumers have multiple sellers they can buy or rent movies and/or TV episodes. Main competitors are online subscription services internet movies and TV episode provider, kiosk services, and DVD rental outlets. From SWOT analysis we found the Strengths as followed, by operation on line is very flexible and very low cost, it has high customer satisfaction levels, and strong knowledge base and brand identity. Weakness are the industry, it is constantly changing at a fast speed, it is supplier dependent, postage is a variable cost (increases), customers need to have internet access and or DVD players. Opportunities are: It can expand globally to international markets because its internet access, new technology. Threats: If it’s not able to adapt or keep up with technology, rivals such as Walmart.com or Blockbuster have capital to compete against Netflix. There are some issues Netflix is facing Netflix needs to watch out for growing competitors with deep pockets and need to keep up with the fast growing changes with technology. It is recommended that Netflix increases its customer base (subscribers). This income will offset the ongoing costs. Netflix should move away from DVD rental, it creates a large percentage of its operating cost. Netflix should find out why people are still ordering DVD’s Netflix should educate customers with their streaming and downloading and focus on encouraging customers to stay with the service. Blockbuster advantage over Netflix is that they are able to release new released titles. Netflix needs to negotiate with entertainment providers to get new releases earlier than the competitors. Finally it is suggested that if Netflix is able to get new releases earlier they should pass a cost for the newest release (separately from subscription download monthly fee).